Who was the first African American to headline a Broadway show?

• A. Billie Holiday
• B. Rosa Parks
• C. Ethel Waters
• D. Josephine Baker

Answer: (C)

Ethel Waters was the first African American to headline a Broadway show, making her a significant figure in both theater and cultural history. She made her Broadway debut in the musical "Africana" in 1935, establishing herself as a pioneering talent in a predominantly white industry at the time. Her work not only showcased her incredible singing and acting abilities but also helped to pave the way for future African American performers on Broadway.

Waters' impact on theater went beyond her roles; she contributed to reshaping the perceptions of African Americans in entertainment. Her success opened doors for other performers and indicated a shift towards greater representation in the arts. This historical context highlights the importance of her achievements.

The other figures listed, while illustrious in their own right, did not have the same groundbreaking role on Broadway. Billie Holiday was an influential jazz singer primarily known for her music rather than theatrical performances; Rosa Parks is celebrated for her pivotal role in the civil rights movement; and Josephine Baker was renowned for her performances in France but did not headline a Broadway show in the same way Ethel Waters did. Thus, Waters stands out as a key figure in this regard.