Which African American woman became the first self-made female millionaire in America?

• A. Sojourner Truth
• B. Madam C.J. Walker
• C. Ida B. Wells
• D. Rosa Parks

Answer: (B)

Madam C.J. Walker earned the title of the first self-made female millionaire in America through her pioneering work in the beauty and cosmetics industry. She developed a line of hair care products specifically tailored for African American women, which addressed the unique needs of their hair and beauty.

Her innovative marketing strategies and ability to empower other women to become sales agents not only led to her financial success but also contributed to economic independence for many African American women during a time when systemic barriers limited their opportunities. Walker's business acumen, coupled with her commitment to philanthropy and social causes, helped her legacy extend beyond her lifetime, making her an enduring figure in both Black history and American entrepreneurship.

In contrast, Sojourner Truth was an abolitionist and women's rights activist, known for her speeches advocating for both causes. Ida B. Wells was a journalist and suffragist known for her anti-lynching campaigns and advocacy for civil rights. Rosa Parks is famously recognized for her pivotal role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the civil rights movement, but none of these women achieved the same level of financial success in business as Madam C.J. Walker.